Indicators of morphofunctional adaptation of modern youth from three regions of the world: Bantu (Tanzania), Russians and Buryats

Abstract

Introduction. The problem of human adaptation to modern realities, including living in cities, changing the traditional diet, and significantly reducing physical stress on the body in everyday life is becoming increasingly relevant all over the world. In this vein, experts from various fields of science pay attention to the study of general secular trends and a more detailed analysis of individual components of this phenomenon, including body composition and other somatic characteristics of specific social and/or gender and age groups of the population. Of particular interest are data on urban populations that have recently migrated from rural areas, against the background of significant socio-economic transformations in the countries of the Global South, as well as a comparison of data from different regions of the world to identify common and population-specific indicators of adaptation.

Materials and methods. The paper presents data on students from three populations (684 individuals, 343 of them men and 341 women): Tanzanian (natives of the Bantu peoples from Dodoma), Russian (residents of Tula) and Buryat (residents of Ulan-Ude). The age ranges from 17 to 30 years, the average age was 21.28±2.75 y. A number of anthropometric characteristics and body composition were measured.

Results. Our data indicate the presence of sexual dimorphism in each of the studied populations according to the complex of morphological characteristics and body composition. It is noteworthy that Russian students (Caucasians) had more pronounced sexual dimorphism compared to Tanzanians (Negroids) and Buryats (Mongoloids).

Conclusion. Summing up, data on three populations representing samples of young people who are similar in social status and level of education, but differ in their racial and ethnic origin, as well as the environmental characteristics of the regions of residence, indicate the presence of distinct differences between the sexes in body size and its component composition. These differences were unidirectional in the three samples studied, and may reflect the generalized outcome of natural and sexual selection for Homo sapiens. © 2024. This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 license

References

Batsevich V.A., Butovskaya M.L, Kobyliansky E. Adaptivnyj status, tempy ontogeneza i dinamika morfologicheskih priznakov v trekh skotovodcheskih populyaciyah, sohranivshih tradicionnyj obraz zhizni [Rates of ontogenesis, dynamics of morphological changes and adaptive status in three present-day pastoral populations, retaining traditional way of living]. Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin [Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Series XXIII. Anthropologiya], 2018, 3, pp. 5–20. (In Russ.).

Godina E.Z., Khomyakova I.A., Zadoroznaya L.V., Purundzhan A.L., Giliarova O.A. et al. Moskovskiye deti: osnovniye tendenzii rosta I razvitiya na rubeze stoletiy. Chast 1 [Moscow children: main tendencies of growth and development at the turn of the centuries. Part 1]. Voprosi antropologii [Problems of anthropology], 2003, 91, pp. 42–60. (In Russ.).

Deryabin V.E., Purundzhan A.L. Geograficheskie osobennosti stroeniya tela naseleniya SSSR [Geographic variation in body type across populations of USSR]. Moscow, MSU Publ., 1990. 192 p. (In Russ.).

Klevcova N.I. Osnovnye napravleniya mezhgruppovoj izmenchivosti stroeniya tela u tuvincev [The main directions of intergroup variability of body structure among Tuvans]. In: Antropo-ekologicheskie issledovaniya v Tuve [Anthropo-ecological studies in Tuva]. Moscow, Science Publ., 1984. pp 125–157. (In Russ.).

Kozlov A.I., Vershubsky G.G., Butovskaya M.L., Kozlova M.A., Fedenok J.N. Sekularnie trendy dlini tela I razmerov taza obskih ugrov (hantov I mansi) [Secular trends in height and pelvic size of Ob Ugrians (Khanty and Mansi)]. Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin [Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Series XXIII. Anthropologiya], 2018, 3, pp. 33–40. DOI: 10.32521/2074-8132.2018.3.033-040. (In Russ.).

Martirosov E.G., Nikolaev D.V., Rudnev S.G. Tekhnologii i metody opredeleniya sostava tela cheloveka [Technologies and methods for determining the composition of the human body]. M.: Nauka, 2006, 248 р. (In Russ.).

Negasheva M.A., Zimina S.N., Sineva I.M., Yudina A.M. Osobennosti morfofunktsional’noi adaptatsii studencheskoi molodezhi, prozhivayushchei v raznykh gorodakhбиологическая антропология; морфология человека; расоведение; обобщенный фотопортрет; Индия; Махараштра; мунда; коркуRossii [Morphofunctional adaptation of young students living in different cities of Russia]. Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin [Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Series XXIII. Anthropologiya], 2018, 3, pp. 41–54. (In Russ.).

Negasheva M.A., Zimina S.N., Hafizova A.A., Sirazetdinov R.E., Sineva I.M. Epohalnye izmeneniya morfotipa sovremennogo cheloveka (po antropometricheskim dannym retrospektivnogo issledovaniya molodyozhy) [Secular changes in morphotype of modern human (based on anthropometric data from retrospective survey of Moscow youth)]. Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seriya XVI. Biologiya [Herald of Moscow University. Series 16. Biology], 2020, 75 (1), pp. 15–22. (In Russ.).

Nikolayev V.G., Sindeyeva L.V., Nekhayeva T.I., Yusupov R.D. Sostav tela cheloveka: istoriya izucheniya i novye tekhnologii opredeleniya [The Composition of the HumanBody: The History of the Study and New Technologies of Determination]. Sibirskoye meditsinskoye obozreniye [Siberian Medical Review], 2011, 4, pp. 3–7. (In Russ.).

Nikolaev D.V., Smirnov A.V., Bobrinskaya I.G., Rudnev S.G. Bioimpedansnyi analiz sostava tela cheloveka [Bioelectric impedance analysis of human body composition]. Moskva, Nauka Izd [Moscow, Nauka Publ.], 2009, 392 p. (In Russ.).

Parfent'eva O.I., Pravednikova A.E., Aiyzhy E.V., Popova E.V., Balinova N.V. et al. Tsentral'noe ozhirenie u sovremennogo molodogo gorodskogo naseleniya Respubliki Altayi i Respubliki Tuvy. Antropogeneticheskie aspekty [Central obesity in the modern young urban population of the Altai Republic and the Republic of Tuva. Anthropogenetic aspects]. Vestnik arkheologii, antropologii i etnografii [Vestnik archeologii, antropologii i etnografii], 2023, 1 (60), pp. 130–138. (In Russ.).

Permyakova E.Iu., Batsevich V.A., Krasil'nikova V.A., Zimina S.N., Khafizova A.A. et al. Sravnenie morfofunktsional'noyi adaptatsii studencheskoyi molodezhi g. Kyzyla i g. Moskvy (v raznykh etniko-ekologicheskikh usloviyakh) [Comparison of morphofunctional adaptation of the student youth of Kyzyl and Moscow (in different ethnic and ecological conditions)]. Novye issledovaniya Tuvy [New Research of Tuva], 2022, 1, pp. 237–252. (In Russ.).

Sipatrova A.G., Godina E.Z., Permiakova E.Yu., Anisimova A.V., Zubko A.V. et al. Bioimpedansnaya otsenka sostava tela s ispol'zovaniem analizatorov ABS-01 "Medass" i Diamant-AIST: rezul'taty sravneniya [Bioimpedance assessment of body composition using ABC-01 "Medas" and Diamant-AIST instruments: a comparison]. Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seriya XXIII. Anthropologiya [Lomonosov Journal of Anthropology], 2023, 2, pp. 70–81. (In Russ.).

Khafizova A.A., Negasheva M.A. Secularniy izmenenia difinitivnoi dlini tela muzhchin i zhenzhin raznikh pegionov Rossii (konetc XIX – nachalo XXI v. [Secular changes in adult human height of men and women in different regions of Russia since the end of the 19th to the beginning of the 21st century]. Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin [Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Series XXIII. Anthropologiya], 2020, 2, pp. 55–73. (In Russ.).

 

 

 

Ahmed K.Y., Abrha S., Page A., Arora A., Shiferaw S. et al. Trends and determinants of underweight and overweight/obesity among urban Ethiopian women from 2000 to 2016. BMC Public Health, 2020, 20 (1), pp. 1–13.

 Auxology: studying human growth and development. Ed.: M. Hermanussen. Stuttgart: Schweizerbart, 2013. 324 p.

Bondareva E.A., Parfenteva O.I., Troshina E.A., Ershova E.V., Mazurina N.V. et al. Agreement between bioimpedance analysis and ultrasound scanning in body composition assessment. American Journal of Human Biology, 2023, e24001.

Brondani L.A., Assmann T.S., de Souza B.M., Bouças A.P., Canani L.H. et al. Meta-analysis reveals the association of common variants in the uncoupling protein (UCP) 1–3 genes with body mass index variability. PLoS One, 2014, 9 (5). e96411.

Chanchala H.P., Madhu B., Nagaraja M.S., Shanbhog R. Secular trends in prevalence of overweight and obesity over a decade in urban and rural South Indian children integrated with geographic information system. Indian Journal of Dental Research, 2022, 33 (3), pp. 235–240.

Chimeddamba O., Gearon E., Stevenson C., Liviya Ng.W., Baasai B. et al. Trends in adult overweight and obesity prevalence in Mongolia, 2005–2013. Obesity, 2016, 24 (10), pp. 2194–2201.

Chong B., Jayabaskaran J., Kong G., Chan Y.H., Chin Y.H. et al. Trends and predictions of malnutrition and obesity in 204 countries and territories: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. EClinicalMedicine, 2023, р. 57.

Cuevas M.D.L.A.E., Durán L.X.C., Carsi X.A., Ortiz A.J.G., Acevedo S.R. et al. Agreement between vector analysis and body composition measurements by four types of bioelectrical impedance technology in hemodialysis patients. Nutrición hospitalaria: Organo oficial de la Sociedad española de nutrición parenteral y enteral, 2022, 39 (5), pp. 1047–1057.

Danquah F.I., Ansu-Mensah M., Bawontuo,V., Yeboah M., Kuupiel D. Prevalence, incidence, and trends of childhood overweight/obesity in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic scoping review. Archives of Public Health, 2020, 78 (1), pp. 1–20.

Ducharme J.B., Clark C., Houck J.M., Hall H., Gerard-Osbourne A. et al. Comparison of Supine and Vertical Bioimpedance Measurements in Young Adults. Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology, 2022, 3 (1), pp. 11.

Franssen F.M., Rutten E.P., Groenen M.T., Vanfleteren L.E., Wouters E.F. et al. New reference values for body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis in the general population: results from the UK Biobank. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 2014, 15 (6), pp. 448-e1.

Fudvoye J., Parent A.S. Secular trends in growth. Ann. Endocrinol. (Paris), 2017, 78 (2). pp. 88–91.

Godina E.Z. Secular trends in some Russian populations. Anthropol. Anz., 2011, 68 (4). pp. 367–377.

Hosseini M., Taslimi S.H., Dinarvand P., Jones M.E., Mohammad K. Trends in weights, heights, BMI and comparison of their differences in urban and rural areas for Iranian children and adolescents 2–18-year-old between 1990–1991 and 1999. Child Care Hlth. Dev., 2010, 36 (6), pp. 858–867.

Jaacks L.M., Vandevijvere S., Pan A., McGowan C.J., Wallace C. et al. The obesity transition: stages of the global epidemic. The lancet Diabetes & endocrinology, 2019, 7 (3), pp. 231–240.

Jolin J.R., Kim L., Vázquez-Velázquez V., Stanford F.C. Re-evaluating obesity in Mexico—lessons for the global obesity epidemic. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 2023, 11 (1), pp. 5–6.

Manning J.T., Taylor R.P. Second to fourth digit ratio and male ability in sport: implications for sexual selection in humans. Evolution and human behavior, 2001, 22 (1), pp. 61–69.

Mohamad M.S., Naidu B.M., Kaltiala R., Virtanen S.M., Lehtinen-Jacks S. Thinness, overweight and obesity among 6-to 17-year-old Malaysians: secular trends and sociodemographic determinants from 2006 to 2015. Public Health Nutrition, 2021, 24 (18), pp. 6309–6322.

NCD Risk Factor Collaboration. Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults. Nature, 2019, 569 (7755), pp. 260–264.

Rudnev S., Burns J.S., Williams P.L., Lee M.M., Korrick S.A. et al. Comparison of bioimpedance body composition in young adults in the Russian Children's Study. Clinical nutrition ESPEN, 2020, 35, pp. 153–161.

Tinsley G.M., Moore M.L., Rafi Z., Griffiths N., Harty P.S. et al. Explaining discrepancies between total and segmental DXA and BIA body composition estimates using Bayesian regression. Journal of Clinical Densitometry, 2021, 24 (2), pp. 294–307.

Tinsley G.M., Moore M.L., Silva A.M., Sardinha L.B. Cross-sectional and longitudinal agreement between two multifrequency bioimpedance devices for resistance, reactance, and phase angle values. European journal of clinical nutrition, 2020, 74 (6), pp. 900–911.