Finding the morphological predictors of individual risk factors in patients with interstitial lung diseases and carbohydrate metabolism disorders (preliminary results)

Abstract

Introduction. Early detection and timely initiation of therapy for increasingly prevalent interstitial lung diseases are key factors for a favorable prognosis. The study investigated the potential of classical anthropometric methods for identifying individual risk factor predictors in patients with interstitial lung diseases and carbohydrate metabolism disorders, given the established significant link between the manifestations of both pathologies.

Materials and Methods. Medical and anthropometric data from the examination of 31 patients with diagnosed interstitial lung diseases (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis) were included in the study. Statistical data processing was performed using software packages: Microsoft Excel 2010, MedCalc 23.2.8, Statistica 12.0.

Results and discussion. Significant differences were found between men with two different types of interstitial lung diseases in age and shoulder circumferences. The level of fat component development is higher in patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis than in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Statistically significant Kendall correlation coefficients were obtained: between insulin level and body mass index (0.34), insulin level and the number of COVID-19 infections (0.30), p<0.05. Patients with interstitial lung diseases, especially hypersensitivity pneumonitis, belong to a risk group, having body mass index exceeding healthy indicators, primarily due to increased fat deposition. A link was noted between certain morphological markers of diabetes mellitus – signs characterizing high fat component development – and high insulin levels with the incidence of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, a form of interstitial lung disease. The identified associations in patients with interstitial lung diseases between morphological and medical indicators of carbohydrate metabolism disorders, and with the incidence of a specific viral infection, suggest a complex interplay of pathologies, exacerbated by age-related changes.

Conclusion. To more accurately assess the relationship between morphological characteristics in type 2 diabetes mellitus and the onset and course of interstitial lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis, research on a larger sample size and complete clinical data is necessary.

Acknowledgements. The anthropological part of the study was conducted as part of a state order from Lomonosov Moscow State University (A.A. Vasileva, L.V. Zadorozhnaya). The medical part of the study was conducted as part of the research project "Interstitial lung diseases: study of predictors of progression and unfavorable prognosis in patients with carbohydrate disorders" (G.Y. Babadjanova, T.A. Savina).

The authors express their sincere gratitude to the staff of the Department of Pulmonology at the N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine at Sechenov University: Head of the Department, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor S.N. Avdeev; Associate Professor of the Department, PhD N.V. Trushenko; Assistant Professor of the Department O.A. Suvorova; and Resident Doctor Yu.A. Levina for the opportunity to organize the patient examinations, as well as to the patients for their responsiveness and responsible participation in the study.

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