Rzaeva (Boom) Yuliya Vyacheslavovna

Introduction. The purpose of this work was to study the physical development of modern newborns in rural areas and analyze the influence on their basic anthropometric indicators of such biological factors as the serial number of pregnancy and childbirth, as well as the age of the parents at time of.

Materials and methods. Materials on rural children were collected in 2020–2022 in the Baranovichi district of the Brest region of the Republic of Belarus on the basis of the Children's City Clinic in the city of Baranovichi. The method of analyzing outpatient cards was used. A total of 231 newborn histories were studied (120 boys and 111 girls). The main anthropometric characteristics of children (body weight, body length, head circumference and chest circumference), as well as the age of the parents and the number of pregnancies and births in the mother were taken into account. The significance of differences was assessed based on Student's t-test. To conduct a comparative analysis of the dynamics over time of the physical development of newborns, materials from surveys of 1976–1978 were used.

Results. The bulk of modern births were women aged 25–34 years (66,6%). More than half of the newborns were born from repeated births – 79,2%. The average age of primiparous women was 25,2±0,7 years, multiparous women – 30,5±0,4. It was found that modern rural newborns had higher average indicators of physical development than newborns of 1976–1978, except for head circumference. Children from repeated births were larger in size, especially boys, in whom the difference reached a statistically significant level. Weak but significant positive correlations were noted between some indicators of the physical development of rural newborns with the age of the parents and the serial number of pregnancy and birth of the mother.

Conclusion. Analysis of changes in the main anthropometric indicators of physical development of rural newborns revealed an excess of the average parameters of body weight, body length (p<0,001) and chest circumference in children of both sexes, compared with infants of 1976–1978. Boys had higher basic anthropometric indicators than girls. © 2023. This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 license.

Introduction. This article is devoted to identifying the relationship between aspects of the physical development of the child's organism at an early age and the susceptibility to diseases in subsequent age periods.

Materials and methods. The material was the main anthropometric data of children in the first three years of life (longitudinal study). The method of analyzing outpatient records was used. The main anthropometric characteristics of children were taken into account: body weight, body length, head circumference (up to 1 year) and chest circumference, on the basis of which the body mass index and the Vervec-Vorontsov index were calculated. Diagnoses and health groups of the same children, whose age as of 2023–2024 was 10–11 years, were extracted from outpatient records.

Results. During the first year of life, the proportion of children with harmonious physical development decreased in both boys and girls due to an increase in the proportion of children with disharmonious and sharply disharmonious development relative to the neonatal period. Analysis of the health status of children revealed that majority of children aged 10–11 years had the 2nd health group, which indicates the presence of functional deviations, frequent diseases, or decrease resistance of the organism. According to the results of cluster analysis, two groups were identified: cluster 1 included children who were characterized by harmonious physical development at an early age, with anthropometric indicators and index values within the normal range. Cluster 2 included children with disharmonious physical development, with anthropometric and index values above or below the norm, and diagnosed with various diseases at the age of 10–11 years.

Conclusion. Assessing the harmony of physical development of children in the early stages of ontogenesis can help identify characteristic disorders in the health and adaptive capabilities of the child's organism, as well as prevent the development of diseases in subsequent age periods, which emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and monitoring of the physical development of the younger generation. © 2025. This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 license