Assessment of the total body size and functional parameters of the adult population of Mongolia living in various in different ecological zones

Abstract

Introduction. The purpose of the study is to characterize and to compare the indicators of morphofunctional characteristics in groups of adult population of the Republic of Mongolia in various ecological zones.

Materials and methods. The material for this study was collected in the extensive survey of the adult Mongolian population (1941 individuals; 1047 males, 894 females) born and permanently residing in Ulaanbaatar and various ecological zones of rural regions of the country. In accordance with the objectives of the study, total body dimensions, as well as functional parameters (including the hand grip strength, respiratory and hemodynamic systems’ characteristics) were analyzed.

Results and discussion. Similarly, as it was recorded earlier for children, the maximum average values of total body dimensions were noted for individuals of both sexes living in the city and the mountain taiga zone, the minimum - for residents of the steppes. The statistical reliability of the differences obtained, however, was confirmed only in the male groups, which does not contradict the results of other studies. Intergroup differences in the values of functional indicators clearly manifest themselves for the grip strength of both hands in men: representatives of the steppe zone have the maximum values of the grip strength of the right hand compared to the residents of other areas. In the groups of women, urban dwellers have significantly lower values blood pressure (compared to the residents of steppe regions with maximum values of the indicator). It may be interpreted as a conclusion that high–altitude hypoxia does not have a decisive effect on blood pressure, or as a reflection of some specific adaptation patterns of the surveyed population.

Conclusion. In case of male groups, morphological characteristics turned out to be the least tolerant to climatic influences; in the case of female groups, greater stability of somatic status was revealed with a slight shift in blood pressure. The results obtained may reflect the specifics of Mongolian groups, on the one hand, living in extreme climatic and geographical conditions, on the other, being exposed to a range of socio-economic changes that have a cumulative effect on the somatic status of the population, which manifests itself specifically in different age groups.

Acknowledgements. The study was conducted under the state assignment of Lomonosov Moscow State University. Research was carried out under partial support of MSU Shared Research Equipment Center “Technologies for obtaining new nanostructured materials and their complex study”, National Project "Science" and MSU Program of Development. The authors express their gratitude to the staff of the Department of Sports Rehabilitation and Medicine at the Mongolian National Institute of Physical Education, as well as to all the examined individuals. 

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